MR is a technique that uses genetic variants as instrumental variables to assess whether an observational association between a risk factor (i.e., coffee) and an outcome aligns with a causal effect. Interest in this area received a boost by the success of genome-wide association studies (GWAS), which identified multiple genetic variants associated with habitual coffee and caffeine consumption as discussed by Cornelis and Munafo in their review of Mendelian randomization (MR) studies on coffee and caffeine consumption. Three timely reviews and an original report addressed the topic of human genetics and coffee and caffeine consumption. alluded to the increasing interest in the area of between-person sensitivity resulting from environmental and genetic factors, of which the latter is a topic of additional papers in this special issue and thus reiterates this interest.Īdvancements in high-throughput analyses of the human genome, transcriptome, proteome, and metabolome have presented coffee researchers with an unprecedented opportunity to optimize their research approach while acquiring mechanistic and causal insight to their observed associations. Suicide, accidental, and intentional poisoning were the most common causes of death and most cases involved infants, psychiatric patients, and athletes. Further concerning caffeine safety is the systematic review of caffeine-related deaths by Capelletti et al. provided a user-friendly synopsis of their systematic review of caffeine safety, which concluded that caffeine doses (400 mg/day for healthy adults, for example) previously determined in 2003 as not to be associated with adverse effects, remained generally appropriate despite new research conducted since then. These works not only emphasize the wide prevalence of coffee and tea drinking, but also the need for data on coffee and tea additives in epidemiological studies of these beverages in certain countries as they may offset any potential benefits these beverages have on health.ĭoepker et al. However, the greatest contribution to total sugar intake was observed in Southern Europe (up to ~20%). Overall, coffee and tea contributed to less than 10% of the energy intake. quantified self-reported coffee and tea intakes and assessed their contribution to the intakes of selected nutrients in adults where variation in consumption was mostly driven by geographical region. In a large coordinated effort spanning 10 European countries, Landais et al. Reyes and Cornelis used 2017 country-level volume sales (proxy for consumption) of caffeine-containing beverages (CCBs) to demonstrate that coffee and tea remain the leading CCBs consumed around the world.
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With increasing interest in the role of coffee in health, general knowledge of population consumption patterns and within the context of the full diet is important for both research and public health. This special issue of Nutrients, “The Impact of Caffeine and Coffee on Human Health” contains nine reviews and 10 original publications of timely human research investigating coffee and caffeine habits and the impact of coffee and caffeine intake on various diseases, conditions, and performance traits.
Coffee is one of the most widely consumed beverages in the world and is also a major source of caffeine for most populations.
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